Indian mathematicians made pioneering contributions to the field, notably the invention of zero, the decimal system, and early calculus.

Key Contributions

• Zero & Decimal System: Revolutionized arithmetic.
• Trigonometry: Introduction of sine (jya) and cosine (kojya).
• Algebra: Solution of quadratic and indeterminate equations.
• Calculus: The Kerala School (Madhava) developed infinite series for sine, cosine, and arctangent centuries before Newton and Leibniz.

Notable Mathematicians

• Aryabhata (476–550 CE): Wrote Aryabhatiya; approximated Pi to 3.1416.
• Brahmagupta (598–668 CE): Defined rules for zero and negative numbers.
• Bhaskara II (1114–1185 CE): Wrote Lilavati; worked on calculus concepts.
• Srinivasa Ramanujan (1887–1920): Modern genius in number theory.

Timeline

• c. 800 BCE: Sulba Sutras (Geometry for altar construction).
• 499 CE: Aryabhata completes Aryabhatiya.
• 628 CE: Brahmagupta writes Brahmasphutasiddhanta.
• 14th Century: Madhava of Sangamagrama founds the Kerala School.