The Chola Empire

2026-01-10

The Chola Dynasty (c. 850–1279 CE) was one of the longest-ruling dynasties in world history. They are renowned for their naval power, local self-government, and magnificent Dravidian architecture.

Maritime Dominance

Under Rajaraja I and Rajendra I, the Chola navy dominated the Indian Ocean, conquering Sri Lanka, the Maldives, and expanding influence to Southeast Asia (Srivijaya).

Art & Architecture

They built great temples like the Brihadisvara Temple in Thanjavur (UNESCO World Heritage Site) and mastered bronze casting (Nataraja idols).

Timeline

  • 850 CE: Vijayalaya Chola captures Thanjavur.
  • 985-1014 CE: Reign of Rajaraja Chola I.
  • 1010 CE: Completion of Brihadisvara Temple.
  • 1014-1044 CE: Reign of Rajendra Chola I; expedition to the Ganges.
  • 1025 CE: Naval raids on Srivijaya (Indonesia/Malaysia).
  • 1279 CE: End of the Chola dynasty under Rajendra III.