India has a rich tradition of martial arts, often linking physical prowess with spiritual discipline.

Major Forms

• Kalaripayattu (Kerala): Often called the "Mother of all Martial Arts." Includes strikes, kicks, grappling, and weaponry.
• Silambam (Tamil Nadu): A weapon-based art, primarily using a bamboo staff.
• Gatka (Punjab): Associated with the Sikhs, using wooden sticks and swords.
• Mallakhamb (Maharashtra): Traditional aerial yoga/gymnastics performed on a vertical wooden pole.

Timeline

• c. 3rd Century BCE: Early references to martial practices in Sangam literature.
• c. 11th Century: Golden age of Kalaripayattu during the Chola-Chera wars.